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Cancer – Its stages, diagnosis, and prevention

Cancer – Its stages, diagnosis, and prevention

Cancer is a disease caused by the growth of malignant cells in the body. The formation of cells can happen anywhere, from the brain to the pancreas. Several cancerous cells clustered together form a tumor. The tumor then grows in size, spreading to other parts as well. Some cancers we know of are fatal, while some can be cured with the help of surgery, chemotherapy, and other such procedures. Let’s take a look at the stages, diagnosis, and prevention. Stages of cancer There are different stages of cancer that are classified to understand how far it has spread and the degree of treatment that may be required. Based on this, there are two bases for differentiation. Based on the numbered system, there are 4 stages. Stage 0 cancer In this stage, the cancer cells are restricted to the area of origin and they’ve not spread to any other part. Stage 1 cancer Here, the cancer cells spread to the nearby areas, but not to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. Stage 2 and 3 cancer This indicates that cancer has spread to nearby areas as well as lymph nodes. Stage 4 cancer Cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Understanding anemia, a blood disorder

Understanding anemia, a blood disorder

Many different forms of blood disorders can affect the human body. These disorders can affect the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Certain disorders can also affect plasma. The development of the diseases and their treatments depend on what kind of disorder one has. One of the most common illnesses is anemia, which affects red blood cells. Types of anemia Anemia causes a decrease in the number of red blood cells, which leads to pale skin, fatigue, and breathing difficulties. There are many different kinds of anemia. Iron-deficiency anemia This kind of anemia is caused due to a deficiency of iron in the body, which is necessary for the production of red blood cells. This can be caused by low iron intake and loss of blood. Chronic disease influenced anemia Chronic diseases like a kidney disorder can result in anemia, too. Some people require treatment to improve blood cell production. Pernicious anemia People with autoimmune disorders or weak stomach linings may suffer from this type of anemia. One cannot absorb enough B12 from their diet, which results in this deficiency. Aplastic anemia This is one of the blood disorders that results when the bone marrow fails to produce enough red cells and other blood cells.

Weight management for obesity – Stages, diagnosis, and prevention

Weight management for obesity – Stages, diagnosis, and prevention

Obesity is one of the most common medical problems in the country, and almost one-third of the adult population of the country requires weight management. Technically, if an adult who is over the age of 35 years has a BMI of 30 or more, they will be considered obese. Let’s take a look at the stages of obesity weight management and how to diagnose and prevent it. Stages of obesity There are broadly six stages of obesity weight management. Denial This is the first step of any behavioral issue, but the fact is that there is a mathematical calculation for the ideal weight and one for obesity as well. Thus, it is not a subjective matter, and one can clearly understand that there is a reason for action if the weight goes above the ideal weight. Decision Even after realizing that the weight is off the scale, it takes time for people to register the next steps. Whether one wants to maneuver eating habits or increase exercise every day, people take time to implement plans. Action The weight management phase starts here. This is an inclusive action and it is not limited to only eating healthy or working out. One must eat well, exercise regularly, cut down on bad habits, maintain a healthy sleeping schedule, and various other things to keep oneself from obesity.

Common signs of pregnancy

Common signs of pregnancy

From fatigue to nausea and weight gain, several symptoms can indicate pregnancy. The entire pregnancy can last for about 40 weeks, and for some women, it may even sound scary. Having said that, understanding the symptoms of pregnancy and what to expect during this period can help make this period smooth and comfortable for women. Common symptoms of pregnancy Among the first things women should know are the signs that can help them understand that they are pregnant. Although the symptoms of pregnancy may differ among women, here’s a list of the most common ones: A missed menstrual cycle : The most common and among the earliest signs of a pregnancy is a missed menstrual cycle. However, this is not a sure sign as irregular or delayed menstrual cycles can also be a result of ill health. Tender breasts : Tender and sensitive breasts can also be a sign of pregnancy as they are caused by hormonal changes that occur during the early stages of pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting : Nausea is a common symptom of pregnancy, and it generally starts a month after a woman conceives. However, it may occur earlier for some women, while others may not develop this symptom at all.

Important things to know about kidney and liver-related diseases

Important things to know about kidney and liver-related diseases

The kidney and liver are two important organs in your body. You must keep them healthy to maintain a happy and safe life. However, you should also be aware of some important facts about the liver and kidney-related diseases so that you can visit your doctor before any health-related issue becomes more serious. Kidney and liver diseases and stages Chronic kidney disease is a medical condition that affects your kidneys. However, it progresses in five different stages and usually does not affect both the kidneys at once. Before learning about the stages of this illness, you need to first understand what Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is. The age, gender, race, and serum creatinine are taken into account to calculate a person’s GFR, which determines the stage of chronic kidney disease. The serum creatinine is a type of waste product, which comes from the body’s muscle activity. As the condition of your kidney worsens, it filters less and less creatinine. The GFR calculation uses this to determine the kidney condition. Stage 1 : GFR > 90 ml/min Stage 2 : GFR = 60-89 ml/min Stage 3A : GFR = 45-59 ml/min Stage 3B : GFR = 30-44 ml/min Stage 4 :

Understanding the essentials about menopause

Understanding the essentials about menopause

Menopause is a stage at which the woman stops going through menstrual cycles. It is only considered menopause if you have not had your period for at least 12 months. In the US, the average age for it to occur is 51, but it can start as early as your 40s. It is a biological process that occurs naturally but, due to certain symptoms it causes, it can lead to disruptions in your daily schedule and life. Stages of menopause Menopause has three different stages, as given below. Perimenopause Before the actual menopause starts, the women’s body goes into the process of shifting from natural menstruation and ovulation cycle to permanent infertility. This stage is known as perimenopause. It generally starts in your 40s, but some women may experience it in their 30s too. The symptoms include irregular periods, sleep problems, and hot flashes. Menopause If you have not had your period in one year, then the perimenopause is over, and the actual menopause stage begins. You cannot get pregnant once you enter this stage. Postmenopause The years that follow are the postmenopause stage. The physical and emotional symptoms of menopause start to subside in most cases. You start to regain your energy levels and feel more emotionally stable.

Stages, diagnosis, and prevention of Parkinson’s disease

Stages, diagnosis, and prevention of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease affects the nervous system. Some of the common symptoms of this disease include rigidity in the muscles, slowing down of movements, stooped posture, and hand tremors, among others. Parkinson’s disease sets in at different stages of a person’s life. Let us understand more about this disease to keep you informed. Stages Here are the five stages of Parkinson’s disease: Stage 1 The first stage of Parkinson’s disease has very mild symptoms. Only very close family members may notice changes in your movement. Also, body tremors may be restricted to one side of the body. Stage 2 The symptoms increase at this stage. Patients experience more tremors and stiffness. Also, the symptoms may extend to both sides of the body. Stage 3 Stage 3 sees the worsening of Stage 2 symptoms. An additional symptom is that at this stage the patient begins to lose balance. But they can still live by themselves. Stage 4 A patient with Stage 4 Parkinson’s does not have the capability to live by themself. They might require assistance to move around. Stage 5 This is the most severe stage of Parkinson’s disease. A patient suffering at this stage cannot even stand on their own.

A guide on STDs – Types, diagnosis, and prevention

A guide on STDs – Types, diagnosis, and prevention

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections, which are capable of transmitting from one person to another, mostly due to sexual contact. These sexual conditions are actually more common than you may think. In fact, sometimes you may not be aware of having an STD, as it may not have any symptoms. The STDs come in many forms but most of them can be easily treated. Types of STDs There are multiple types of STDs. The most common forms are: Chlamydia It is a very common form of bacterial infection, but it is easy to treat. Genital warts It is caused by the human papillomavirus and results in growths around the anus and in the genital region. Gonorrhea It is caused by a bacterial infection. It may not have any symptoms but can be treated easily. Molluscum contagiosum This is an infection, which results in tiny bumps on the skin. It generally goes away on its own. Hepatitis B It is a type of virus and can result in liver disease. Herpes It is a common form of STD, which causes sores on genitals or in the mouth. The symptoms can be treated but there is no cure for herpes. HIV It is one of the most serious forms of STD that attacks your immune system and can result in AIDS.

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Sexual disorders – An overview

Sexual disorders – An overview

A sexual disorder refers to the individual or couple not being able to achieve satisfaction from sexual activities. A good sex life involves the couple being able to arouse excitement and achieve an orgasm. Failure to do so maybe because of various reasons, and a common reason is one of them or both the partners suffering from sexual conditions. Now, this is never an easy topic to discuss; however, it is very important to address these issues. Let us try and understand more about the symptoms, causes, and risks of sexual conditions. Symptoms Some of the main symptoms are Lack of sexual desire When a person finds themselves not wanting to have sex, it is a sign that they might have a sexual condition. The lack of sexual desire causes problems in the intimacy of a couple, affecting their sex life. Inability to climax In this case, the person is not satisfied with their sexual interactions. They might still have normal sexual interest but find it difficult to climax. This is a problem for the couple who start losing their intimacy. Sexual stimulation leads to pain In this case, a person feels pain every time during sex. This is a big problem, as the feeling of discomfort will hamper their interest, and they start avoiding such situations altogether.

Common skin problems you should know about

Skin health is a mirror of a person’s overall health and is also an important part of external grooming. Good skin health means a good diet and a metabolism that’s working well, while skin problems can point to several underlying health conditions. Let’s take a look at some common skin problems and their causes. Acne Acne occurs when the skin pores are blocked by the sebaceous gland’s secretions. A very common skin problem, acne can be categorized into whiteheads, blackheads, and cystic acne, which is a severe type of acne that occurs beneath the skin. This skin problem is most common among teens or children reaching puberty, but almost everyone experiences this at some point. Symptoms Acne may lead to red spots on the skin, and these may or may not be filled with pus. The most common areas of the body affected by this skin problem are the face, back, and neck. Also, acne may swell upward or be compressed into the skin, and black open pores are known as blackheads. Causes and risks Acne has many causes, but it is mostly caused due to skin pores getting clogged due to excess sebum production, which makes people with oily skin more prone to acne.

Major symptoms and causes of hair loss

Hair loss is one of the most common physical conditions, especially in older men and women. On average, the adult head loses approximately 100 hairs every day. 90% of the hair on the scalp is growing at all times. There are a number of factors that might result in hair loss, including age, disease, and the like. There are several types of hair loss, and the type depends on the cause, condition, area of the head on which there is maximum hair loss, age of an individual, and various other factors. Symptoms The symptoms of hair loss can tell a lot about the type of hair loss and how it might progress in the years to come. Some of the common symptoms of hair loss include: Gradual thinning of top of the head One of the most common symptoms of hair loss, this affects both the genders, and is mostly age-specific. Hair begins to recede in men in a different way, and there tends to be a shape like a letter ‘M’. In women, hair loss is characterized by the broadening of their parting. Bald spots One might notice bald spots in circular shapes or in the form of patches.

Hearing loss – Types, symptoms, causes, and risks

While hearing loss is usually associated with aging, partial or total hearing loss can affect people of all ages if it occurs due to inner ear or nerve damage, among other causes. In fact, two-thirds of all people with hearing loss are aged below 65 years. In most people, using a hearing aid can help treat the issue, or it can be treated with surgery. This article is a basic overview of everything you need to know about hearing loss. Types of hearing loss Based on the part of the ear that is damaged, hearing loss can be categorized into three types: Sensorineural hearing The most common type of hearing loss, it makes up 90% of the total hearing loss cases. It is usually associated with causes like inner ear infections, congenital deformities, or head trauma. Conductive hearing This type of hearing loss occurs when there’s a buildup of earwax or one has a perforated or defective eardrum, and it is treatable in most cases. Mixed hearing loss This type of hearing loss is a combination of the first two types and is caused due to long-term ear infections that cause damage to the eardrum as well as the ossicles.

Heartburn and GERD – What you need to know

An uncomfortable burning sensation in the chest, right behind the breastbone, is common in many, especially after a large meal. Experiencing these heartburns occasionally is not a matter of concern as it does not lead to health problems. However, when these heartburns become frequent, it can be referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). When heartburn or GERD occurs frequently, it means that the stomach and food pipe are getting affected. Since heartburns are common, you might not know when to seek medical help. If you see any of these signs, make sure you seek medical help: When heartburns take place more than twice in a week The burning sensation worsens When the heartburn gets so severe that it wakes you up Problems while swallowing The heartburn starts interfering with your daily routine Symptoms of heartburn/GERD There are some common symptoms associated with the condition that can help you identify the problem easily. These include: A severe burning sensation in the chest. This occurs usually after having a large meal and takes place at night Pain in the chest Problems with swallowing food Backward flow of food A feeling of a lump stuck inside your throat In cases a person experiences acid reflux at night, the symptoms can include: